I. Neurogenic
1- Myelodysplasia
2- Shy–Drager syndrome ( A progressive disorder of the brain and spinal cord affecting the
autonomic nervous system and characterized by low blood pressure, atrophy of
the iris, incontinence, the absence of sweating, impotence in males, tremor,
and muscle wasting)
3- Suprasacral spinal cord injury/lesion
4- Radical hysterectomy
5- Abdominoperineal
(AP) resection of the rectum
II. Non-Neurogenic
1- Bladder outlet obstruction
2- Multiple bladder surgeries
3- Chronic cystitis (interstitial, radiation,
tuberculous)
4-
Chronic indwelling catheter
