Voiding Dysfunction in children: Part 1: Clinical Presentation






1.   UTI 
Ø  Cystitis 
Ø  Pyelonephritis 
Ø  with VUR 
2.   Infrequent voider 
3.   Daytime incontinence 
4.   Diurnal incontinence 
5.   Nocturnal enuresis 

Neuropathic voiding dysfunction:  neural tube defect (neurospinal dysraphism).

Non-Neuropathic (functional) voiding dysfunction:  
1.   UTI 
2.   Infrequent voider 
3.   Constipation 
4.   Striated sphincter dysinergia 
5.   Internal sphincter dysinergia 
6.   Hinman syndrome 
7.   Nocturnal enuresis 
8.    Diabetes insipidus

The degree of symptoms, spectrum from:
1.  Mild dysfunctional voiding: occasional “accident”.
2.  Severe dysfunctional voiding: Hinman syndrome.